Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
expected to have a kinetic energy
T
∼ 200
MeV. What would be
the value of
x
for
T
∼ 100
eV?
46.
(a)
Write the electron configuration of carbon.
(b)
How many s electrons does the C atom have?
(c)
How many p electrons?
The configuration of boron is 1s
2
2
s
2
p
1
.
(a)
47.
How many electrons are in the L shell?
(b)
How many electrons have orbital angular-momentum
quantum number
l
=
0
?
48.
How many electrons does the nickel atom have with azimuthal
quantum number
l
=
2
?
49.
What is the electron configuration of the magnesium ion,
Mg
2+
?
50.
What is incorrect in the electron configuration
1s
2
2s
2
p
6
3s
2
p
8
d
10
?
51.
(a)
What are the largest and the smallest values that the
magnetic quantum number
m
has in the Zn atom?
(b)
How many electrons have
m
=
0
in Zn?
52.
Show that the total number of states available in a shell with
principal quantum number
n
is
2
n
2
.
53.
What is the wavelength of a photon of maximum energy from
an X-ray tube operating at a peak voltage of 80 kV?
54.
If the operating voltage of an X-ray tube is doubled, by what
factor does the wavelength of a photon of maximum energy
change?
55.
(a)
How many electrons per second strike the target in an
X-ray tube operating at a current of 50 mA?
(b)
If the potential difference between the anode and cathode
is 100 kV, how much power is expended?
56.
If the binding energies for electrons in the K, L, and M shells of
an element are, respectively, 8979 eV, 951 eV, and 74 eV, what
are the energies of the K
α
and K
β
characteristic X rays? (These
values are representative of Cu without the fine structure.)
57.
Given that the K
α
1
characteristic X ray of copper has an energy
of 8.05 keV, estimate the energy of the K
α
1
X ray of tin.
58.
The oxygen atom has a K-shell binding energy of 532 eV and
L-shell binding energies of 23.7 eV and 7.1 eV. What are the
possible energies of its Auger electrons?
