Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
13
Rozemtal, S., ed.,
Niels Bohr
,North-
Holland,Amsterdam,Netherlands
(1967). [A collection of essays and per-
sonal accounts of the life and work of
Bohr by his colleagues and contempo-
raries.]
14
Selman, Joseph,
The Fundamentals of
Imaging Physics and Radiobiology
, 9th
ed., Charles C Thomas, Springfield,
IL (2000). [Previous (8th) edition,
The
Fundamentals of X-Ray and Radium
Physics.
An outstanding text for tech-
niciansthatexplainsX-raygeneration
and utilization in radiology.]
15
Weisskopf, Victor,
The Privilege of Be-
ing a Physicist
, W. H. Freeman, New
York, NY (1988). [The author knew
most and worked with many of the
leading physicists during the devel-
opment of quantum mechanics and
made many important contributions
himself. This autobiography is an-
other in the Alfred P. Sloan Foun-
dation series (see Alvarez, above) to
convey the excitement of science and
discovery to general readers. This de-
lightful book will also speak to those
who are fond of classical music.]
16
Whittaker, E. T.,
A History of the
Theories of the Aether and Electricity
,
Thomas Nelson and Sons, London,
England (1953). [Volume 2, subtitled
The Modern Theories. 1900-1926
,be-
gins with “The Age of Rutherford”
(Chapter 1) and ends with “The Dis-
covery of Wave Mechanics” (Chapter
IX). Interesting, informative, and per-
sonal accounts of the discoveries of
the time.]
2.13
Problems
1.
How many atoms are there in 3 L of N
2
at STP?
What is the volume occupied by 1 kg of methane (CH
4
)
at 23
◦
C
and 756 torr?
2.
3.
How many hydrogen atoms are there in the last problem?
4.
What is the mass of a single atom of aluminum?
Estimate the number of atoms/cm
2
in an aluminum foil that is
1mmthick.
5.
6.
Estimate the radius of a uranium nucleus. What is its
cross-sectional area?
7.
What is the density of the nucleus in a gold atom?
8.
What was the minimum distance to which the 7.69-MeV alpha
particles could approach the center of the gold nuclei in
Rutherford's experiments?
9.
How much energy would an alpha particle need in order to
“just touch” the nuclear surface in a gold foil?
10.
Figure 2.13 represents a particle moving with constant speed
v
(
) in a circular orbit of radius
r
. When the particle
advances through a small angle
θ
about the center of the
circle, the change in velocity
v
=
v
2
-
=|
v
1
|=|
v
2
|
v
1
is indicated. Denoting
the elapsed time by
t
,onehas
θ
=
ω
t
, where
ω
=
v
/
r
is the
angular velocity expressed in radians per unit time.
(a)
For small
t
, show that the acceleration of the particle is
given by
a
=
t
=
v
/
v
θ
/
t
.
