Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 16.1
Reference Values for Organ and Tissue Masses (grams) from ICRP Publication 89
15 years
Adult
Organ/tissue
Newborn
1 year
5 years
10 years M
F
M
F
Adipose
930
3,800
5,500
8,600
12,000
18,700
18,200
22,500
Alimentary system
Stomach
wall
7
20
50
85
120
120
150
140
Stomach
contents
40
67
83
117
200
200
250
230
Small
intestine
wall
30
85
220
370
520
520
650
600
Small
intestine
contents
56
93
117
163
280
280
350
280
Liver
130
330
570
830
1,300
1,300
1,800
1,400
Integumentary system
Skin
175
350
570
820
2,000
1,700
3,300
2,300
Muscle,
skeletal
800
1,900
5,600
11,000
24,000
17,000
29,000
17,500
Respiratory system
Lung
with blood
60
150
300
500
900
750
1,200
950
Lung
tissue only
30
80
125
210
330
290
500
420
Spleen
9.5
29
50
80
130
130
150
130
Thymus
13
30
30
40/30
35
30
25
20
Thyroid
1.3
1.8
3.4
7.9
12
12
20
17
Urogenital system
Kidneys (2)
25
70
110
180
250
240
310
275
Testes (2)
0.85
1.5
1.7
2
16
35
Ovaries (2)
0.3
0.8
2.0
3.5
6
11
Uterus
4.0
1.5
3
4
30
80
Total body
3,500
10,000
19,000
32,000
56,000
53,000
73,000
60,000
As discussed in Section 16.8, radiation-transport calculations have been carried
out to evaluate doses absorbed in one organ from radiation emitted in others. Of
historical interest is the Snyder-Fisher phantom—a mathematical model of ref-
erence man used for such computations, performed, for example by Monte Carlo
procedures (Section 11.12). The model is depicted in Fig. 16.1. Figure 16.2 is a pho-
tograph of a life-sized replica of the mathematical phantom that was fabricated and
used to measure quantities to compare with calculations. A radionuclide could be
placed in one position in the phantom to simulate a particular source organ, and
the doses then measured in other locations.
