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semantic contents, it should be emphasised that cognitive categorisation systems
have various properties, of which the most important are as follows [87], [92]:
A broad spectrum of analysed data - cognitive categorisation systems can ana-
lyse various data, because the cognitive methods based on cognitive resonance
which are implemented in the system are universal;
Wide-ranging opportunities to use cognitive categorisation systems in various
scientific fields;
The use of formalisms and tools from the area of informatics which support
semantically-oriented cognitive reasoning with the use of structural artificial in-
telligence techniques;
The use of the unity of cognition and action rule - the idea behind the operation
of cognitive systems is to implement human cognitive processes which are used
by categorisation systems, but at the same time combine these cognitive proc-
esses with the action which cognitive categorisation systems execute at their
last operating stage, that is at the stage of determining the directions of subse-
quent activity;
The ability to freely select the categorisation method depending on the chosen
representation of the analysed data - the existing categorisation methods (listed
below) can be applied in cognitive categorisation systems equally well:
comparing sets of defining features;
comparing sets of all features and establishing the proportion of defining
features;
determining the semantic distance, i.e. comparing to the adopted standard
or prototype;
comparing to the first specimen found;
The use of knowledge bases made up of the appropriate expert knowledge
collected;
Accounting for the chronometries of systems which are based on the chronome-
try methods of the mind, i.e. determining the reaction time for analysing a
given phenomenon in relation to the stage of transmitting information about the
analysed data to the system, the stage at which the system processes this infor-
mation and the stage at which the cognitive system programs the reaction and
executes it;
The ability to deploy cognitive categorisation systems taken from the scientific
research domain in the practical world.
Cognitive categorisation systems are used to understand and analyse data. Their
significant feature is that as a result of the broadly-understood data analysis con-
ducted by the system, an in-depth interpretation of this data, and therefore also its
cognitive categorisation, becomes possible. This type of data classification and de-
scription allows semantic information to be extracted, which makes it possible to
reason at the stage of the data analysis conducted.
 
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