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successful. The system thus becomes the foundation for designing cognitive data
analysis systems.
Cognitive systems designed for semantic data analysis used in the cognitive in-
formatics field execute data analysis in three 'stages'. This split is presented in
Figure 2.16.
Fig. 2.16. The three-stage operation of cognitive systems in cognitive informatics
The above diagram shows three separate data analysis stages. The first one is
the traditional data analysis, which includes qualitative and quantitative analyses.
The results of this analysis are supplemented with the linguistic presentation of the
analysed data set, which forms the basis for extracting semantic features from
those sets. Extracting the meaning of the sets from them is the starting point for
the second stage of the analysis, referred to as the semantic analysis. It is con-
ducted according to a definition of the linguistic data perception and analysis, us-
ing the grammar formalisms introduced. The end of this stage at the same time
forms the beginning of the next analysis process, referred to as the cognitive data
analysis. During this stage, the results obtained are interpreted using the semantic
data notations generated previously. The interpretation of results is not just their
simple description or a recognition of the situation being analysed, but it is par-
ticularly a process in which data, the situation and information are understood, the
stage of reasoning based on the results obtained and forecasting the changes that
may appear in the future.
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