Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Semantic analysis in the sense of cognitive analysis plays a significant role, as
it identifies the meaning in areas analysed. The meaning as such is identified using
the formal grammar defined in the system and its related set of productions, within
which productions are defined, which elements the system utilises to analyse the
meaning. Analysis processes are applied to features such as (in the case of diag-
nostic image interpretations):
the shape, the present feature, lesion, pathology;
•
•
ratio;
•
lesion occurrence;
•
its size, length, width;
•
lesion vastness;
•
number of lesions observed;
•
number of repetitions of the given situation, lesion, pathology;
•
lesion structure;
•
pathology location.
These features can be identified correctly using the set of productions of the
linguistic reasoning algorithm. For this reason, the definition of linguistic algo-
rithms of perception and reasoning forms the key stage in building a cognitive
system.
In line with the discussed cognitive approach, the entire process of linguistic
data perception and understanding hinges on a grammatical analysis aimed at an-
swering the question whether the data set is semantically correct from the perspec-
tive of the grammar defined in the system, or is not. If there are consistencies, the
system runs an analysis to identify consistencies and assign them the correct
names. If the is no consistency, the system will not execute further analysis stages
as the lack of consistency may be due to various reasons. The most frequent ones
include:
•
the wrong definition of the formal grammar;
•
no definition of the appropriate semantic reference;
•
an incompletely defined pattern;
•
a wrongly defined pattern;
•
a representative from outside the recognisable data class accepted for analysing.
All these reasons may cause a failure at the stage of determining the semantic
consistency of the analysed specimen and the formal language adopted for the
analysis. In this case, the whole definition process should be reconsidered, as the
error may have occurred at any stage of it.
Cognitive systems carry out the correct semantic analysis by applying a linguis-
tic approach developed by an analogy to cognitive/decision-making processes tak-
ing place in the human brain. These processes are aimed at the in-depth analysis of
various data sets. Their correct course implies that the human cognitive system is
