The Cell-Multilayered Periosteal Sheet —A Promising Osteogenic and Osteoinductive Grafting Material - New Trends in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - page 29

* newly formed bone, g: residual grafted autologous bone particles
Figure 5. Histological analysis of biopsy specimens recovered from the recipient sites at 4 months after bone grafting
with CAPCs (A-H) or conventional bone grafting (I-L). A, C, E (H-E staining) and B, D, F, G, H (ALP-TRAP double stain‐
ing): Active new-bone formation was observed in specimens recovered from the site of a bone graft with CAPCs.
4.3. CAPC-induced bone remodeling after autogenous bone grafting
The volume of newly reformed bone tissue at 1 Y was compared to that at 3 M in the cases of
maxillary sinus lift with autologous bone and CAPCs and in the cases of maxillary sinus lift
with autologous bone only using reconstructed 3D-CT images. Changes in the mean net
volume of augmented bone between the two time points were similar regardless of whether
CAPCs were used. When compared after categorizing the area of augmented bone according
to CT density, the mean volume was 35% lower at 1 Y than at 3 M in the area with a CT density
< 850 HU, regardless of whether CAPCs were used or not (data not shown).
On the other hand, in the high-density area (CT density > 850), marked time-dependent
decreases were found only after bone grafting with CAPCs, whereas no decreases were found
in conventional bone grafting. In color-coded reconstructed 3D-CT images, high CT density
areas believed to correspond to grafted cortical bone particles of mandibular origin contained
in the graft material were almost absent in the 3D-CT images taken at 1 Y after autogenous
bone grafting with CAPCs, but a smooth surface area with high CT density areas was found
on the surface of the augmented bone (Fig. 6). Thus, high-resolution three-dimensional
computed tomography (3D-CT) imaging suggested that remodeling of the grafted autogenous