Biology Reference
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1000
Control
δ
β
Captopril
∗
800
Tamoxifen
#
600
#
ψ
β
β
∗
400
∗
β
#
ψ
β
∗
δ
∗
200
#
0
CW
CG
TDW
TDG
TSW
TSG
Fig. 8.5
Comparison of pancreatic insulin secretion among groups (
CW
control with water intake
alone,
CW + Cap
CW plus captopril treatment,
CW + Tam
CW plus tamoxifen treatment,
CG
con-
trol with high sugar intake,
CG + Cap
CG plus captopril treatment,
CG + Tam
CG plus tamoxifen
treatment,
TDW
perinatal taurine depletion with water intake alone,
TDW + Cap
TDW plus capto-
pril treatment,
TDW + Tam
TDW plus tamoxifen treatment,
TDG
perinatal taurine depletion with
high sugar intake,
TDG + Cap
TDG plus captopril treatment,
TDG + Tam
TDG plus tamoxifen
treatment,
TSW
perinatal taurine supplementation with water intake alone,
TSW + Cap
TSW plus
captopril treatment,
TSW + Tam
TSW plus tamoxifen treatment,
TSG
perinatal taurine supplemen-
tation with high sugar intake,
TSG + Cap
TSG plus captopril treatment,
TSG + Tam
TSG plus
tamoxifen treatment; *
p
< 0.05 compared to untreated control of same taurine status;
#
p
< 0.05 com-
pared to CW of same treatment;
b
p
< 0.05 compared to CG of same treatment;
d
p
< 0.05 compared
to TDW of same treatment;
y
p
< 0.05 compared to TSW of same treatment)
RAS contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of many disorders including
diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Long-term inhibition of the RAS by angio-
tensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists improves
insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Henriksen
2007
) .
Its initial effect is to increase insulin secretion rather than increase tissue insulin
sensitivity (Rodriguez et al.
2012
; Suzuki et al.
2008
), but the long-term effect of the
RAS treatment is to improve glucose-insulin regulation. Similarly, in humans and
animal models, acute angiotensin II infusion increases insulin sensitivity in basal
state or during euglycemic insulin clamp (Buchanan et al.
1993
; Fliser et al.
2000
;
Jonk et al.
2010
; Patiag et al.
2000
; Townsend and DiPette
1993
). This may be the
result of redistribution of blood flow to muscles since angiotensin II has a potent and
immediate vasoconstrictor action but little immediate metabolic effect. This mecha-
nism may explain why short-term captopril treatment increases insulin secretion
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