Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
All blood glucose samples were immediately measured by a glucometer
(Accu-Check Advantage II, Roche, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) while plasma insu-
lin concentrations were measured by the Srinagarind Hospital Chemical Analysis
Unit (Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand).
8.2.3
Statistical Analyses
All data are expressed as mean ± SEM and were statistically analyzed using one-
way ANOVA and a post hoc Duncan's multiple range test. Statistically significant
difference is defined as
p
-values of less than 0.05.
8.3
Results
At 7-8 weeks of age, body, heart, and kidney weights were not significantly differ-
ent among groups, as previously reported (Thaeomor et al.
2010
) . Although perina-
tal taurine imbalance (with or without high sugar intake after weaning) did not
affect adult fasting blood glucose concentration, estrogen receptor blockade (but not
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition) significantly increased the fasting blood
glucose concentration (Fig.
8.2
) and induced significant glucose intolerance
(Fig.
8.3
) in TDG but not in any other group.
In control (normal perinatal taurine) animals, high sugar intake did not affect
plasma insulin levels and captopril (but not tamoxifen treatment) slightly and
significantly increased the plasma insulin levels in CW (but not in CG) rats (Fig.
8.4
).
Compared to CW, perinatal taurine depletion slightly and significantly increased
plasma insulin, and this effect was moderately exacerbated by captopril (but not
tamoxifen) treatment. Although high sugar intake did not further significantly
increase plasma insulin in TDG, captopril (but not tamoxifen) treatment greatly
increased plasma insulin in TDG compared to all other groups. Plasma insulin sta-
tus in TSW rats (with or without captopril or tamoxifen treatment) appeared similar
to that in CW rats, but high sugar intake significantly increased plasma insulin. This
effect was further elevated by captopril (but not tamoxifen) treatment in both TS
groups.
The differences between groups in estimated beta cell insulin secretion (estimated
by HOMA1-%B; HOMA1-%B = (plasma insulin × 20)/(blood sugar—3.5); Fig.
8.5
)
essentially mirror the differences in plasma insulin levels (Fig.
8.4
), except for the
effect of perinatal taurine depletion, which is somewhat different. Compared to CW,
perinatal taurine depletion significantly increased insulin secretion, and this effect
was significantly decreased by tamoxifen (but not by captopril) treatment. Although
high sugar intake did not further increase the insulin secretion in TDG rats, insulin
secretion was markedly and significantly increased in response to captopril but mark-
edly decreased to tamoxifen treatment in the TDG animals. TSW insulin responses
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