Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.1 Physiological, glucose, and lipid metabolism parameters
Group
Con
Parameter
Con + Tau
Fru
Fru + Tau
Body weight (g)
513.3 ± 24.6
463.3 ± 21.6
443.3 ± 20.9
457.2 ± 17.3
Body fat %
20.1 ± 1.5
17.1 ± 1.4
19.4 ± 1.7
20.3 ± 1.8
Food intake (kcal)
12,662 ± 433
11,538 ± 479
9,589 ± 209 a,b
9,666 ± 343 a,b
Calorie intake (kcal)
12,662 ± 433
11,538 ± 479
12,682 ± 272
12,874 ± 55
Water intake (ml)
3,946 ± 95
3,674 ± 240
7,618 ± 53 a,b
7,902 ± 850 a,b
Taurine intake (g)
73.5 ± 4.8
158.0 ± 17 b
Fasting glucose (mM)
4.65 ± 0.13
4.95 ± 0.09
4.93 ± 0.15
5.29 ± 0.15 a
Fasting insulin (ng/ml)
1.24 ± 0.19
0.62 ± 0.14
1.01 ± 0.32
0.82 ± 0.28
HOMA-IR (mM
mU/L)
7.38 ± 1.20
3.86 ± 0.82
6.46 ± 2.12
5.70 ± 1.99
OGTT AUC (min
mM)
252.0 ± 15.0
225.1 ± 18.7
299.1 ± 15.6
235.1 ± 10.5 c
Muscle basal p-AKT/AKT
0.54 ± 0.09
0.65 ± 0.12
0.58 ± 0.07
0.74 ± 0.09
Muscle ins. stim. p-AKT/AKT
2.14 ± 0.22 d
2.20 ± 0.26 d
2.43 ± 0.37 d
3.13 ± 0.48 d
TG liver (mmol/g)
0.087 ± 0.007
0.077 ± 0.003
0.050 ± 0.010 a
0.078 ± 0.012
TG plasma (mM)
1.62 ± 0.22
1.26 ± 0.12
1.35 ± 0.12
1.73 ± 0.36
NEFA plasma (mM)
1.10 ± 0.05
1.05 ± 0.04
1.36 ± 0.09
1.30 ± 0.14
HDL (mg/dl)
25.0 ± 1.9
29.0 ± 2.7
28.3 ± 1.2
33.9 ± 5.4
LDL (mg/dl)
19.8 ± 1.1
20.4 ± 1.6
22.6 ± 1.4
22.5 ± 1.1
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
44.8 ± 2.6
49.3 ± 3.3
50.9 ± 1.2
56.4 ± 5.0
Liver PCK1 mRNA (a.u)
1.23 ± 0.08
1.10 ± 0.13
1.07 ± 0.10
1.04 ± 0.03
a Different from con
b Different from con + tau
c Different from Fru
d Different from basal. a.u.; arbitrary units
Male Wistar rats, N = 6 per group, were subjected to four different diet regimes for 26 weeks as
described in materials and methods. HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resis-
tance, Con control, Ta u taurine, Fru fructose, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, AUC area under
the curve, TG triglycerides, NEFA nonesterified fatty acids, HDL high-density cholesterol, LDL
low-density cholesterol, PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1
5.3.2
Glucose Homeostasis, Glucose Tolerance, and Insulin
Signaling
The combination of a high-fructose diet and taurine supplementation caused a
significant increase in fasting glucose compared to the control diet alone, whereas
taurine or fructose on their own had no significant effect on fasting glucose levels
(Table 5.1 ). Neither a high-fructose diet nor taurine supplementation or the combi-
nation induced any change in fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR (Table 5.1 ).
Taurine supplementation of the fructose-fed animals caused a significant improve-
ment in glucose tolerance, whereas this effect was not significant when animals
were fed the control diet. We examined if this was due to an increase in insulin
sensitivity in skeletal muscle by measuring insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation in
quadriceps, but despite a higher value in the taurine-supplemented fructose group,
we did not find a significant difference (Table 5.1 ). We also examined if the increase
 
Search WWH ::




Custom Search