Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
phenolic compounds from a single sample was performed in less than 5min. Under
optimized conditions, the time required for analysis of one sample was below 1 min.
Cajka et al. demonstrated the applicability of DART-MS to chicken meat metab-
olomics for the retrospective control of feed fraud [146]. Samples representing meat
of chickens fed by feed with and without the addition of banned chicken bone meal (5
-
8%, w/w) were extracted using a procedure enabling simultaneous isolation of polar and
nonpolar metabolites. The multivariate analysis of the DART records facilitated
differentiation of sample groups and highlighted marker metabolites that were more
abundant in the group of chickens fed with the feed adulterated with chicken bone meal.
DART-MS instrumentation was used to directly monitor the transfer of matrix
coextracts (mainly lipids) during the optimization of partition-based sample cleanup
in a study reported by Kalachova et al. that focused on determining of polychlorinated
biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
cient tool for the
rapid determination of lipids and other ionizable impurities with analysis time of 30 s.
fish and shrimp [140]. DART-MS was demonstrated to be a very ef
2.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS
Over the past few years, there has been substantial progress in technologies employ-
ing MS in rapid food analysis. In this context, a wide range of analytical methods
involving GC
MS, and methods without the chromatographic separation
have been reported to detect,
-
MS, LC
-
rm various naturally
occurring as well as xenobiotic substances in food chain. These techniques have
also been demonstrated as straightforward
identify, quantify, and con
ling tools for food
authenticity assessment. The development of advanced LC and MS technologies as
well as automation of related sample preparation process has paved the way for high-
throughput analysis for food safety, especially with the popularization of UHPLC,
sub-2
fingerprinting or pro
m columns, and high-resolution MS.
The introduction of direct MS techniques and speci
μ
cally ambient desorption
ionization techniques such as DESI and DART coupled with MS has brought the
promise of simple, high-throughput qualitative and quantitative analyses of both
major and minor (trace) components in various food matrices. However, thorough
validation and carefully designed quality assurance and quality control procedures are
still urgently needed when employing these techniques, because the lack of a
chromatographic separation step makes direct MS techniques more prone to false
(negative or positive)
findings.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
L.V. and W.Z. acknowledge the support by an appointment to the Research
Participation Program at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition admin-
istered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency
agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Food and Drug
