Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
trends focus on the development of high-throughput methods with generic sample
preparation and low detection limits of a broad range of food contaminants. In all of
these studies, the LR-MS represented by a QqQ is the most prevalent MS option in
mycotoxin analysis for selective detection and con
rmation of analytes. Using the
detection/con
rmation strategy based on monitoring two MRM transitions (one
precursor ion
®
two product ions, or
first precursor ion
®
one product ion and
second precursor ion
®
one product ion) for each analyte, the requirements for
analyte identi
cial documents such as Commission Decision
2002/657/EC [56] and the SANCO/12495/2011 document [57] can be ful
cation established by of
lled.
8.3.2 High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Mycotoxins Analysis
In addition to tandem MS, HR-MS analyzers have also been applied to quantitative,
semiquantitative, and nontargeted screening analyses of multimycotoxins. Despite
their ability to simultaneously detect and con
rm multiple analytes, the HR-MS
techniques have not yet been extensively used for multimycotoxin analysis. Addi-
tionally, current EU legislation requires certain conditions to be ful
lled when
con
rmatory analysis must provide at
least two characteristic masses (
m
/
z
) acquired at HR-MS conditions for a target
analyte to fulfill the requirement for confirmation [56]. Unfortunately, achieving two
ions with signi
rming positive
findings with HR-MS. Con
cult for certain analytes, especially when
they are present at trace concentrations. From this perspective, hybrid HR-MS
instruments capable of operating in the MS/MS mode to provide fragmentation
mass spectra with accurate mass represent a new possibility for simultaneous analysis
and con
cant intensity is often dif
rmation of mycotoxins in food and feed.
The pioneering use of HR-MS techniques (utilizing a time-of-
ight (TOF)
analyzer)
in mycotoxin analysis was described by Tanaka et al.
[58], Mol
et al. [29], and Zachariasova et al. [37]. Tanaka published an LC
TOFMS method
with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) for simultaneous determina-
tion of trichothecenes, a
-
akes, and biscuits.
The disadvantage of this method was the additional SPE cleanup that had to be
employed resulting in slightly decreased throughput of the entire work
atoxins, and ZON in corn, wheat, corn
ow. Zachar-
iasova et al. [37] employed UHPLC coupled to TOF and Orbitrap mass analyzers to
examine 11 major
Fusarium
mycotoxins (fumonisins, DON, 3-ADON, NIV, HT2,
T2, ZON, D3G, and fusarenon-X) in cereals. Two alternative sample preparation
procedures based on either modi
ed QuEChERS extraction or aqueous acetonitrile
extraction were used prior to instrumental analysis. The UHPLC
TOFMS chromato-
grams of DON are shown in Figure 8.3. Based on these results, it was concluded that
both technologies are applicable for mycotoxin detection, but the approach using
TOFMS required some additional cleanup strategy to achieve suf
-
cient sensitivity for
the target analytes [37]. In a comparative study by Mol et al. [29], the UHPLC
-
TOFMS method was shown to be a generic tool in multiresidue and contaminants
analysis compatible with the MS/MS approach regardless of sample preparation.
Hybrid quadrupole/time-of-
ight (QTOF) instrumentation was applied in a study by
Sirhan et al. [26], who determined trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat, corn, rice, and
