Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
70,000
SO 2 (lbs)
NO x (lbs)
CO 2 (tons)
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
-10,000
FIGURE 2.13
Incremental emissions by plant on July 2, 2008.
As shown in FigureĀ 2.13, most of the additional emissions came from three
plants, Cherokee, Comanche, and Pawnee. All of these plants are located near
Denver and thus directly impact emissions levels along the Front Range.
Conclusions Related to July 2, 2008, Wind Event
System-wide, wind generation on July 2 produced 70,141 lb of SO 2 (23% of
total) and 72, 658 lb of NO x (27% of total). Wind generation saved 1,249 tons
of CO 2 (2% of total CO 2 emissions). Compensating for wind generation on
July 2 appears to have resulted in inefficient and abnormal operation at
PSCO's coal plants that resulted in increased total SO 2 and NO x emissions.
By netting out the emissions associated with coal-fired generation that were
avoided by using wind, the result is that due to wind generation, SO 2 and
NO X emissions were significantly higher (23 and 27%, respectively) than they
would have been if the coal plants had not been cycled to compensate for
wind generation.
September 28-29, 2009, Wind Event
The second wind event began during the night of September 28-29, 2008, as
depicted in FigureĀ 2.14 from a PSCO training manual. As total load decreased
during the night, PSCO reduced generation at coal and gas units to allow
wind to continue to generate. When the wind event commenced, PSCO was
generating approximately 2,000 MW from coal and 1,500 MW from natural
gas. Beginning at 10:00 p.m. on September 28 and continuing until 2:00 a.m.
the following morning, coal generation was ramped down by approximately
25% to 1,487 MW until wind generation dropped to approximately 50 MW
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