Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
7
Solar Therm
al Energy Storage
CarlBegealandTereseDecker
CONTENTS
Introduction to Thermal Energy Storage......................................................... 182
Physics of Thermal Energy Storage.................................................................. 184
Sensible Heat Storage .................................................................................... 185
Sensible Heat Storage Materials .............................................................. 185
Latent Heat ...................................................................................................... 185
Latent Heat Storage via Phase Change Materials................................. 186
Thermochemical Energy ............................................................................... 187
Thermochemical Energy Storage ............................................................ 188
Choosing Storage Method............................................................................. 188
Storage Systems................................................................................................... 190
Two-Tank Direct Storage ............................................................................... 190
Molten Salt as Heat Transfer Fluid.......................................................... 191
Two-Tank Indirect Storage ............................................................................ 191
Single-Tank Thermocline Storage ................................................................ 192
Storage Vessel Design ......................................................................................... 192
Tank Geometry ............................................................................................... 192
Tank .................................................................................................................. 193
Materials ..................................................................................................... 193
Stress and Strain ............................................................................................. 195
Mechanical Stress ...................................................................................... 195
Thermal Strain ........................................................................................... 196
Heat Loss from Storage Vessels and Insulation ......................................... 196
Heat Loss from Cylindrical Vessels ........................................................ 196
Heat Loss from Spherical Vessels............................................................ 198
Economics of Thermal Energy Storage Systems............................................. 199
Peak Shaving................................................................................................... 200
Cost to Energy Provider ................................................................................ 200
Cost of Storage Implementation.............................................................. 200
Cost to Consumer........................................................................................... 201
TES Applications ................................................................................................. 203
Concentrating Solar Power Applications ................................................... 204
Existing Large-Scale Solar Thermal Energy Storage Systems............. 206
