Biomedical Engineering Reference
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are nonlinear. The degressive rate of the relative percentage change is faster due to the decrease of
the elastic modulus of the disc annulus than the ascensive rate due to the increase of elastic modulus
of the disc annulus. This implies that a young individual might have a lower resonant frequency in
comparison to an elderly person with a similar truck mass. With an increase in age, the rigidity or
elastic modulus of the annulus fibrous will increase (Keller et al. 1989), and may increase the reso-
nant frequency of the spine in cases of severe degeneration.
Although there were many early investigations about the material property sensitivity of the
human spine, no investigations have reported on how changes in material properties influence the
dynamics of the spine. This study, in certain aspects, may provide insights into the material prop-
erty sensitivity resulting from aging and spine degeneration. At the same time, by understanding
the material property sensitivity of the spine, it may be helpful to adopt correct material property
parameters in FE modeling.
aCknowledgmentS
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51275082,
508175041), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-08-0103),
the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20100042110013), and the
Fundamental Research Fund of Central Universities (N130403009).
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