Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.2
Acute oral toxicity of technical grade carbofuran to birds, ordered from the most sensi-
tive to the least sensitive species tested
Aspirin
®
index
for an average
adult bird
b
Species
Sex
Age
LD
50
(mg/kg)
a
Source
Fulvous whistling-duck
(
Dendrocygna bicolor
)
F
3-6 mo.
0.238
1160
1
Mallard
(
Anas platyrhynchos
)
U
U
U
F
M/F
M
B
F
B
M/F
B
33-39 h
6-8 d
27-33 d
3-4 mo.
6 mo.
12 mo.
12 mo.
12 mo. (adult)
0.370
0.628
0.510
0.397
0.415
0.480
0.510
0.495
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
366
Red-winged blackbird
(
Agelaius phoeniceus
)
U
adult
0.422
9036
3
Red-billed quelea
(
Quelea quelea
)
U
adult
0.485
21382
3
American kestrel
(
Falco sparverius
)
M/F
1-4 yr.
0.6
2841
6
House fi nch
(
Carpodacus mexicanus
)
U
adult
0.750
12212
3
House sparrow
(
Passer domesticus
)
U
adult
1.33
5320
3
Rock dove
(
Columba livia
)
U
adult
1.33
415
3
Brown-headed cowbird
(
Molothrus ater
)
U
adult
1.33
3349
3
Common grackle
(
Quiscalus quiscula
)
U
adult
2.05
576
3
Japanese quail
(
Coturnix coturnix
)
M
F
14 d
14 d
1.9
1.7
4
4
Eastern screech-owl
(
Megascops asio
)
M/F
2-5 yr.
1.9
573
6
Ring-necked pheasant
(
Phasianus colchicus
)
F
3 mo.
4.15
1
Northern bobwhite
(
Colinus virginianus
)
F
M/F
M/F
3 mo.
16-20 wk.
1-2 yr.
5.04
12
8.0
1
5
6
138
European starling
(
Sturnus vulgaris
)
U
adult
5.62
425
3
a
Geometric means calculated where range given
b
Number of adult birds that would be killed by a tablet-sized quantity (392 mg) of carbofuran. Necessary inputs into the
calculation: Each tablet weighs approximately 392 mg; weights for adults of the various bird species were obtained from
Dunning (1993).
M = male U = sex unknown
F = female
B
= in breeding condition
1. Hudson et al. (1984)
2. Hudson et al. (1972)
3. Schafer et al. (1983) (range-fi nding values only)
4. Sherman and Ross in NRCC (1979)
5. Hill and Camardese (1984)
6. Wiemeyer and Sparling (1991)
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