Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
O
CH
3
O
H
Figure 1.5
Chemical structure of carbaryl
O
P
(CH
3
O)
2
O
H
CH
3
H
3
C
NH
O
Figure 1.6
Chemical structure of monocrotophos
CCl
3
CH
Cl
Cl
Figure 1.7
Chemical structure of DDT
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
Figure 1.8
Chemical structure of dieldrin
1.3 Manufacture and formulation of carbofuran
Carbofuran was developed in the 1960s, patented in 1965 (Budavari 1989), and introduced on the
market as a systemic and broad spectrum nematicide in 1967 under the well-known brand/trade
name of Furadan by FMC (Farm Machinery Corporation), based in Philadelphia in the United
States (http://www.fmc.com/AboutFMC/CorporateOverview/FMCHistory.aspx?PageContentID=9).
In some parts of this topic (especially Chapter 3, regarding the situation in Kenya), the 'names'
carbofuran and Furadan are effectively used interchangeably. This simply refl ects the fact that in cer-
tain countries carbofuran (i.e., the product name) is more commonly known by its trade/brand name
(in this case, Furadan). Each formulation is named according to its percentage active ingredient, i.e.,
the amount of carbofuran (by weight) in the formulation. Hence, Furadan 3G, 10G, and 15G contain
3, 10 and 15% (w/w, i.e., weight by weight or wet weight) of the active ingredient, respectively.
FMC held sole patent from the 1960s and is still considered the major global manufacturer of
carbofuran. Patent law is country-specifi c, and we were unable to specifi cally determine when FMC's
original patent would have expired (i.e., when generic formulations would have been permitted).
Search WWH ::
Custom Search