Mitigating human-wildlife conflict and retaliatory poisonings in India to preserve biodiversity and maintain sustainable livelihoods - Carbofuran and Wildlife Poisoning: Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches - page 113

9. Ethion
10. Fenitrothion
11. Fenthion
12. Formthion
13. Kitazin
14. Malathion
15. Methyl parathion
16. Monocrotophos
17. Phenthoate
18. Phosalone
19. Phosphamidon
20. Profenofos
21. Quinolphos
22. Temephos
23. Thiometon
24. Triazophos
25. Trichlorphos
This list is interesting in that it provides an insight into the other compounds in use and potentially of
concern within India. Readers should note that this list is provisional and additional pesticides (e.g.,
phorate) can be screened upon request, when warranted by circumstantial evidence.
4.9 Case studies: use of carbofuran for poisoning in relation
to other compounds
In India, certain important factors tend to determine whether or not a given pesticide is used as a
poison. Such factors include (1) whether or not the public is aware that the compound could be used
for this purpose, (2) the type of agriculture present (which determines the type of pesticide on hand
to use as a poison), (3) availability, (4) cost, (5) toxicity of the commercial preparation and (6) how
likely it is to be detected by target wildlife (through its physical properties such as colour, odour
and taste). On the basis of these criteria, carbofuran is perceived as a suitable choice for poisoning.
Incidents of lethal exposure to any pesticide could result from accidents during normal use, from
misuse, or abuse.
4.9.1 Accidental exposure
While accidental poisoning incidents in humans and animals have been reported in and around India,
there are relatively few reports regarding accidental poisoning with carbofuran. However, many of
those that have been reported are signifi cant. In 1984, a now infamous accidental leak of poisonous