Mitigating human-wildlife conflict and retaliatory poisonings in India to preserve biodiversity and maintain sustainable livelihoods - Carbofuran and Wildlife Poisoning: Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches - page 101

and fragmented, increases the scope for human-wildlife confl ict. Moreover, each Protected Area is
actually now differentiated into a core and buffer zone for conservation and human use respectively.
Hence, large parts of the buffer zones are often fragmented due to cultivation and human settlements
(refer to Figure 4.1). Any damage to human property by wildlife within this buffer zone commonly
results in retaliation against wildlife.
4.3 Types of human-wildlife confl ict
The nature of the human-wildlife confl ict in India in different regions depends upon the type of
human settlements and species of wildlife present. The bio-geographic zones previously mentioned
are all distinct in terms of their climate, topography, human settlements and wildlife pattern and thus
the type of confl ict is also varied in different regions (refer to Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1 Zones of human-wildlife confl ict in India