A chronicling of long-standing carbofuran use and its menace to wildlife in Kenya - Carbofuran and Wildlife Poisoning: Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches - page 80

Figure 3.16 Vulture carcass recovered from the fi eld during the Laikipia/Isiolo study
Photo taken by Peter Otieno
Figure 3.17 Beaks and feet of poisoned vultures, which were analysed for the presence of
carbofuran and its metabolites
Photo taken by Peter Otieno
Muscle samples from carcasses collected from the Athi River were also analysed because sev-
eral vultures had been found lying dead beside them and, though carbofuran was not detected,
residues of 3-ketocarbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were. Hence, intentional poisoning of pred-
ators, and therefore secondary poisoning, was the main cause of the mass mortality of vultures, as
confi rmed by the presence of carbofuran and its metabolites in carcass meat and in vulture feet,
beaks and crop content.