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Theorem 5.2 The pairwise losses in Ranking SVM , RankBoost , and RankNet are
all upper bounds of the essential loss , i . e .,
β(t) L pairwise (f
L β (f
;
x y )
max
;
x , y ),
1
t
m
1
where L pairwise (f
;
x , y ) is defined as in ( 5.4 ).
Therefore, the minimization of the loss functions in the aforementioned pairwise
ranking algorithms will all lead to the minimization of the essential loss. Further
considering the relationship between the essential loss and (1
NDCG) as well as
(1
MAP), we have
G(K
1 )η( 1 )
Z m
L pairwise (f
1
NDCG (π, y )
;
x , y )
;
(5.9)
1
i = k m i
L pairwise (f
1
MAP (π, y )
;
x , y ).
(5.10)
In other words, optimizing these pairwise loss functions can minimize (1
NDCG) and (1
MAP).
5.4 The Listwise Approach
5.4.1 Non-measure-Specific Loss
We take ListMLE as an example of the listwise ranking algorithms in this sub-
category. The following results have been proven in [ 3 ], which characterizes the
relationship between the likelihood loss and (1
NDCG) as well as (1
MAP).
Theorem 5.3 The loss function in ListMLE is an upper bound of the essential loss ,
i . e .,
β(t) L ListMLE (f
1
ln 2
L β (f
;
x y )
max
;
x y ).
(5.11)
1
t
m
1
Further considering the relationship between the essential loss and (1
NDCG)
as well as (1
MAP), one can come to the following conclusions.
G(K
1 )η( 1 )
Z m ln 2
L ListMLE (f ;
1
NDCG (π, y )
x y ) ;
(5.12)
1
ln 2 i = k m i
L ListMLE (f
1
MAP (π, y )
;
x y ).
(5.13)
Note that the proof of the above theorem highly depends on the form of the
likelihood loss. Extensive work is needed to generalize this result to other listwise
ranking methods.
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