Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
treatment of venereal diseases. The crushed bark and seeds have been employed as an emmena-
gogue. The drug is highly valued in traditional veterinary practice: For the treatment of cattle suf-
fering from liver fluke, an infusion made by steeping the bark in a mixture of brine and water is
given as a draught and as a dressing for ulcers on camels, horses, and donkeys; decoction of the bark
is administered to horses for internal ailments associated with mucous diarrhea.
Constituents —
The plant yields limonoids, of which the major ones include khivorin,
7-ketokhivorin, 3-deacetylkhivorin, 3-deacetyl-7-ketokhivorin, 7-ketogedunin, methyl anglensate,
methyl-6-hydroxy anglensate, mexicanolide, 6-hydroxymexicanolide, 7-deacetyl-7-oxo-gedunin,
6-deoxyswietenolide esters, and khayasin.
695-697
The bark contains a bitter principle called “calice-
drin” in commerce, which contains triterpenes with a lactone or epoxide function and a furan ring.
Similar principles also occur in
K. ivorensis
.
698,699
The coumarones scopoletin, aesculetin, and scop-
arone have been shown to be constituents of the bark, while the fruits yield scopoletin.
700
Pharmacological Studies —
The crude aqueous alcohol extracts of the stem bark possess sedative
and reduced locomotor activity, as well as CNS depressant activity in mice. The coumarones found in
the plant have been associated with analgesic, antipyretic, and moderate anticonvulsant action.
701,702
Earlier studies of the bitter “principle” caliderin showed that when injected through the subcutaneous
or intraperitoneal routes, it produces a significant lowering of temperature in experimental hyperther-
mic animals.
703,704
Extracts of the plant were found to be antimicrobial at very low concentrations.
273
KIGELIA AFRICANA
Botanical Name —
Kigelia africana
( La m.) Bent h.
Synonyms —
Kigelia pinnata
(Jacq.) DC.;
Kigelia aethiopica
Decne.,
Bignonia africana
Lam.,
Crescentia pinnata
Jacq.,
Tanaecium pinnatum
(Jacq.) Willd.; 30 other synonyms and subspecies
Family —
Bignoniaceae
Common Names —
Sausage tree, cucumber tree
African Names —
The sausage tree is found throughout tropical Africa, and there are local
names for the plant among the several hundred tribes. The following list gives only a selection of
the common names: Afrikaans (South Africa): worsboom; Swahili: mvungunya, mwegea, mwicha,
mranaa; Igbo (Nigeria): uturukpa, iteni, amo-ibi, uturu-bein, izhi, umu-aji, okpe sera, oke ogisi; Ijo-
Izon (Nigeria): ogirizi; Twi (Ghana): nufuten, nufoten, nufutsen; Fante (Ghana): etua, etua, nufutsen,
(e-) nufutsen; Yoruba (Nigeria): orara, pandoro, orora, uyan, epo amayan; Edo (Nigeria): ugbon-
gbon, usuonbon, ugbon-gbon, usuonbon; Hausa (Nigeria): hantsar giiwaa, noonon giiwaa; Fulani-
Fulfulde (Nigeria): jirlaare (fruit), jirlahi; Tiv (Nigeria): tyembegh, tyambeg; Manding-Bambara
(Senegal): sidiamba; Wolof (Senegal): dobale, dabal, diambal, dabole, dombale; Zulu (South Africa):
umBongothi, umZingulu, unbongothi, unfongothi, umvunguta, umzingula, ibele-ndlovu, umVon-
gothi; Swazi (Southern Africa): umVongotsi; Taita (Kenya): mwaisina; Somali (Somalia): bukural,
