Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
(5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone) sakuranetin, and quercetin.
425
Differential solvent extraction
of the leaves showed lupeol, β-amyrin, and isosakuranetin in the light petrol extract; the chloro-
form extract yielded kaempferide and betuletol, while the polar alcohol extract gave sakuranetin,
3, 5,7,3′-tetra-G-methvlquercetazetin, and quercetin. The aqueous extracts were chromatographed on
polyamide plates to yield sakuranetin-7-O-arabinoside and isosakuranetin-rhamnoglucoside.
426
The
roots have been shown to contain a diterpenoid, 15-angeloyloxy-16,17-epoxy-19-kauronic acid, along
with five known metabolites (16-kauren-19-oic acid, 6′-hydroxy-2′,3′,4,4′-tetramethoxychalcone,
isosakuranetin, acacetin, and kaempferide).
427
Pharmacological Studies —
The chloroform and acetone extracts of the plant exhibited sig-
niicant
in vitro
antimicrobial activity against
Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
aureus,
and
Aspergillus niger,
while the alcoholic and aqueous extracts were inactive.
430
The chlo-
roform extract, which contained mainly isosakuranetin and kaempferide, displayed the maximum
inhibitory activity on all the microorganisms tested. The aqueous extract of the leaves showed hepa-
totropic activity
in vitro
.
364
The aqueous alcoholic extract of the plant has been found to possess
in
vitro
antispasmodic activity in the guinea pig ileum and blocked the histamine-induced spasms.
428
The chloroform-soluble extractive has been shown to be cytotoxic to cell line CA-9KB, with an IC
50
of 20 µg/ml.
429
The isolated flavonoids, however, did not show any significant activity. Kaurenoic
acid found in the roots has significant α-glucosidase inhibitory and antibacterial activities against
Escherichia coli
and
Bacillus subtilis
.
CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM
Botanical Name —
Chrysophyllum albidum
A. DC.
Synonyms —
Gambeya albida
(G.Don) Aubrev. & Pellegr.,
Planchonella albida
(G.Don) Baehni.
Family —
Sapotaceae
Common Name —
White star apple
African Names —
Ashanti: adesawa, adesaa; Bini: otien; Ewe: adansawa; Igbo: udara, udala;
Twi: adios, asamfona-fufu; Yoruba: osan
Description —
Chrysophyllum albidum
is a tree up to 30 m high and about 2.5 m in girth, with
small buttresses at the base. The bole is long and often straight, occasionally branched low down.
The bark is grayish brown, with crisscross depressions and a pale brown slash, and exudes copious,
