Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
improvisation, free play, etc. Memmert [
36
] gives an overview of teaching and
social methods (see Fig.
3.10
).
The possibilities to introduce, for example, organic chemistry or acid-base
reactions are shown by combinations of didactical approaches and social methods:
Term oriented
Nomenclature of organic substances (teacher lecture)
Procedure oriented
Composition of methane (group work)
Structure oriented
Structure of butane molecules (pair work)
History oriented
Benzene and Kekul´'s idea (student lecture)
Application oriented
Cars do not drive without alkanes (teacher class-dialogue)
Environment oriented
The role of the catalytic converter (student demonstration)
Activity oriented
We produce our own candles (group work)
Project oriented
What are fossil fuels? (pair work)
Possible approaches for the introduction of acid-base reactions:
Term oriented
Brønsted's theory (teacher demonstration)
Procedure oriented
Composition of hydrochloric acid (teacher-class dialogue)
Structure oriented
Structure of sulfuric acid molecules (pair work)
History oriented
Lavoisier and his acid definition (student lecture)
(continued)
Story
Teacher Lecture
Explanation
Teacher-centred
Teaching
To show
Teacher
Demonstration
To show how to do
Direct instruction
Questions
Teacher Talk
Impulses
Student-centered
instruction
Guided Dialogue
Teacher
Class-dialogue
Free Dialogue
Same work
Group Work
Different work of
labor
Same Material
Pair Work
System of helpers
Problem-
solving
Indirect instruction
Same material
Individual Work
Differentiated
Evaluating
Home Work
Preparing
Fig. 3.10
Proposal of teaching and social methods [
36
]
