Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
no signii cant cytotoxicity to NIH 3T3 i broblast cells was observed, which is prom-
ising for their potential use in drug-delivery systems and tissue engineering
applications [237] .
15.9.4
Bioimaging
h e CNCs having reactive functional groups on their surface and their high surface area
of 150 m
2
/g [37, 238] could be considered as a new generation of bioimaging probes
or drug nanocarriers. Dong and Roman have developed a simple method (a three-
step reaction) to attach l uorescent FITC molecules covalently to the surface of CNCs
for l uorescence bioassay and bioimaging application for studying the interaction of
CNCs with cells and
in-vivo
biodistribution of CNCs [239] . h e scheme and images
of aqueous suspension of CNCs and FITC-labeled CNCs are shown in Figure 15.17.
h e results showed insignii cant CNCs-FITC uptake by human brain microvascular
endothelial (HBMECs).
In this advancement, Mahmoud
et al.
investigated the ef ect of surface charge of
l uorescent-labeled CNCs as chemically synthesized CNCs-l uorescein isothiocyanate
(CNCs-FITC) and CNCs-rhodamine B isothiocyanate (CNCs-RBITC)) on cellular
O
O
H
2
N
O
(
a
)
HO
Cl
NH
4
OH
OH
O
O
Cellulose Nanocrystal
Cellulose Nanocrystal
Cellulose Nanocrystal
O
O
OH
O
O
OH
HOOC
HOOC
S
HN
C
NH
HO
N=C=S
O
Cellulose Nanocrystal
Figure 15.17
(a) Scheme of covalent attachment of l uorescent FITC molecules to the surface of CNCs;
(b) digital images of aqueous suspensions of (A) CNCs (0.8 wt%) and (B) FITC-labeled CNCs (0.5 wt%)
[239] .
