Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
by the single decomposition temperature of nanocomposite. No increment in matrix
melting temperature, no ef ect in recrystallization during i rst heating, second heating,
cooling and glass transition suggest the reinforcement was not af ected at the onset of
translational and rotational backbone motions in the composite matrix. h e dynamic
mechanical improvement showed that the increment of kenaf whiskers as reinforce-
ment in the CAB matrix is believed due to whiskers-whiskers interactions through
hydrogen bonding.
Acknowledgements
h e authors are grateful to the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) and the Ministry of
Plantation, Industry and Commodity (MPIC), the Government of Malaysia, for the
i nancial funding for this research.
References
1. M. T. Paridah, L. C. Abdullah and N. Kamaruddin,
Kenaf biocomposites, derivatives and
economics
,
Pustaka Prinsip Sdn. Bhd
., Kuala Lumpur . ( 2009 ).
2. M. Jonoobi, J. Harun, A. P. Mathew, M. Z. B. Hussein, and K. Oksman.
Cellulose
17 ,. 299
( 2010 ).
3. M. A. S. Azizi Samir, F. Alloin, and A. Dufresne.
Biomacromolecules
6 , 612 ( 2005 ).
4. S. Beck-Candanedo, M. Roman, and D. G. Gray.
Biomacromolecules
6 , 1048 ( 2005 ).
5. G. Siqueira , J. Bras , A. Dufresne .
Polymers
2 , 728 ( 2010 ).
6. L. Petersson , A. P. Mathew , K. Oksman .
J .
Appl. Polym. Sci
. 112 , 2001 ( 2009 ).
7. K. J. Edgar, C. M. Buchanan, J. S. Debenham, P. A. Rundquist, B. D. Seiler, M. C. Shelton,
and D. Tindall.
Prog .
Polym. Sci
. 26 , 1605 ( 2001 ).
8. J. E. Ayuk, P. Aji, A. P. Mathew, and K. Oksman.
J . Appl. Polym. Sci
. 114 , 2723 ( 2009 ).
9. G. Siqueira , J. Bras , and A. Dufresne .
Biomacromolecules
10 , 425 ( 2008 ).
10. G. Siqueira , H. Abdillahi , J. Bras , and A. Dufresne .
Cellulose
17 , 289 ( 2010 ).
11. M. Roman, and W. T. Winter,
Cellulose Nanocomposites
, American Chemical Society , USA
( 2006 ).
12. C. R. Dias, M. J. Rosa, and M. N. de Pinho.
J . Membr. Sci
. 138 , 259 ( 1998 ).
13. C. Toprak, J. N. Agar, and M. Falk. Faraday transactions 1: Physical chemistry in condensed
phases .
J. Chem. Soc
. 75 , 803 ( 1979 ).
14. M. L. Troedec, D. Sedan, C. Peyratout, J. P. Bonnet, A. S. Smith, R. Guinebretiere, V.
Gloaguen, and P. Krausz.
Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manufac
. 39 , 514 ( 2008 ).
15. S. K. Samal, S. Mohanty, and S. K. Nayak.
J .
Reinforced Plast. Compos
. 28 , 2729 ( 2009 ).
16. L. Ibarra , and D. Paños .
J .
Appl. Polym. Sci
. 67 , 1819 ( 1998 ).
17. M. Idicula, S. K. Malhotra, K. Joseph, and S. h omas.
Compos .
Sci. Technol
. 65 , 1077 ( 2005 ).