Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 11.28
SEM images of water-bond polyurethane CNC nanocomposite with dif erent loading [178].
Figure 11.29
TEM image of polyurethane nanocomposite with CNC [177].
as polyepoxide, formed from the reaction of an epoxide resin with polyamine hardener.
Masoodi
et al.
[191] compared traditional epoxy and biobased epoxy reinforced with
NFC. h e wet layup process was employed to manufacture the double cantilever beam
specimens. h ey found that the biobased epoxy had similar performance characteristics
for fracture toughness compared to the standard epoxy and also did not show reduc-
tions at room temperature test conditions. Lu
et al.
[165] reported surface treatments
of NFC with three dif erent coupling agents including 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
(APS), 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, and a titanate coupling agent reinforced
epoxy resin using acetone solvent. h e ef ect of silane-treated NFC in unsaturated poly-
ester and epoxy resin matrices was studied by Abdelmouleh
et al.
[192] . h ey found
that the large loss of mechanical properties was related to insui cient silane treatment
to prevent NFC from water absorption. Epoxy and polyester manufacturing of nano-
composite i lm from TEMPO-oxidized NFC and water-soluble phenol formaldehyde
was also the subject of research by Qing
et al.
[193] . h e SEM micrographs of the i lm
clearly presented the lamellar structure of NFC in cross-section of the neat i lm as well
as the composite. h e mechanical properties of NFC-reinforced themoset polymer
matrices are presented in Table 11.4.
Nanocelluloses have been mixed or dispersed in various resins using a wide variety
of processing techniques. Gong
et al.
[195] prepared composite from both NFC and
CNC in polyvinyl acetate using a master batch followed by melt extrution. Yang
et al.
