Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.3
Chronological order of modii cation of nanocellulose.
Year
Progress
References
1989
Surface pretreatment of cellulosic i bers, processing timeand
temperature of cellulose-containing polypropylene
[153]
1998
Chemical modification of coir, oil palm i ber, l ax, and jute
i bers using acetic anhydride
[166]
2000
Stable dispersion of cellulose microcrystals in nonpolar
solvents by using surfactants as stabilizing agents
[157]
2001
Chemical modii cation of oil palm empty fruit bunch and coir
i ber using non-catalyzed acetic anhydride
[162]
2002
Surface acetylation of bacterial cellulose
[158]
2003
Chitin whiskers surface modii cation by using three dif erent
chemical coupling agents
[167]
2004
Surface silylation of cellulose microi brils
[163]
2005
Nanoi bers from natural and inorganic polymers via
electrospinning
[170]
2006
Individualized microi brils from TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation
of native cellulose
[66]
2007
Surface modii cation of bacterial cellulose nanoi bers by
dependence on acetyl-group DS
[159]
2008
Sisal-oil palm i bers treated with varying concentrations of
sodium hydroxide solution and dif erent silane coupling
agents
[152]
2009
Alteration of bacterial nanocellulose structure by
in situ
modii cation using polyethylene glycol and carbohydrate
additives
[171]
2010
Modii cation of acetylated cellulose nanoi bers from kenaf
using acetic anhydride
[68]
2011
Heterogeneous modii cation of various celluloses with fatty
acids by an esterii cation reaction
[172]
2012
Liquid crystal of nanocellulose whiskers grat ed with
acrylamide
[173]
2013
Modii cation of native cellulose nanoi bers by functionalized-
few-walled carbon nanotubes for hybrid nanoi ber/nano-
tube aerogels
[49]
11.7
Nanocellulose-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
h e development of polymer nanocomposites is rapidly emerging as a multidisci-
plinary research activity whose results could broaden the applications of polymers to
the great benei t of many industries. Polymer nanocomposites i lled with nanocellulose
represent a new class of material alternative to conventional i lled polymers and possess
some extremely interesting properties such as high strength and stif ness combined
with low weight, biodegradability and renewability [14].
