Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-30
0.09
PP matrix
PP/KE (1 mm) 40wt%
PP/KE (10 mm) 40wt%
PP matrix
PP/KE (1 mm) 40wt%
PP/KE (10 mm) 40wt%
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0
30
60
90
-30
0
30
60
90
(
a
)
(
b
)
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.09
PP/clay 5 wt%
PP/KE(1 mm) 40wt%/caly 5 wt%
PP/KE(10 mm) 40wt%/clay 5 wt%
PP/clay 5 wt%
PP/KE(1 mm) 40wt%/caly 5 wt%
PP/KE(10 mm) 40wt%/clay 5 wt%
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
-30
0
30
60
90
-30
0
30
60
90
(
c
)
(
d
)
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
0.09
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PP/clay 5 wt%
PP/KE(1 mm) 40wt%/caly 10 wt%
PP/KE(10 mm) 40wt%/clay 10 wt%
PP/clay 10 wt%
PP/KE(1 mm) 40wt%/caly 10 wt%
PP/KE(10 mm) 40wt%/clay 10 wt%
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
-30
0
30
60
90
-30
0
30
60
90
(
e
)
(
f
)
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 7.4
h e storage modulus and tan delta curves of PP matrix and PP/KE biocomposites and
nanobiocomposites. I. Na. Sim
et al.
PP matrix
PP/KE (1 mm) 40wt%
PP/KE (10 mm) 40wt%
8
7
6
at -30°C
5.9
5.7
5.1
5
4
3
2
1
0
4.5
4.3
4.2
3.8
3.8
3.3
clay 0 wt%
clay 5 wt%
clay 10 wt%
Figure 7.5
h e storage modulus of PP/KE/nanoclay nanobiocomposites at −30°C. I. Na. Sim
et al.
7.3.4
Tensile Properties
Figure 7.6 shows the ef ect of KE i ber length on tensile properties of nanobiocom-
posites. h e tensile strength decreased with the addition of KE and nanoclay; on the
contrary, the tensile modulus showed the opposite. h e tensile modulus of PP/KE (1
mm) and PP/KE (10 mm) nanobiocomposites with 10 wt% nanoclay loading increased
78.8% and 118.2% respectively, compared to that of PP nanocomposites. h is is
