Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
of Carapongo, because the edges of irrigation channels have become deposits of
solid and liquid wastes from nearby residents. Where quality requirements for
food are high, such pollution prevents urban producers from accessing new
markets. To access irrigation water, farmers pay a fee of around US$62.42 (206
nuevo sol/ha per year, where US$1 ¼ 3.3 nuevo sol) to the water user association
(Junta de Usuarios del Rio Rı´ mac - JUR) that manages the resource.
Physical capital
Animal breeding - Animal husbandry represents physical capital for households
practising UA. The purchase and raising of animals is a source of savings, as
animals can be sold to obtain access to financial capital. In the area studied, 49
per cent of the farmers raise sheep, 42 per cent raise guinea pigs and 21 per cent
raise pigs. Forty-two per cent of farmers raise chickens and 25 per cent reported
that they raise ducks. Only sheep and pigs are sold for income (Figure 3.5).
Access to roads and transportation - Carapongo has easy access to trans-
portation routes, which makes it possible for produce to reach the principal
urban markets rapidly. Farmers use various strategies for transportation of their
harvest. One way is to rent pick-up trucks or trucks. In such scenarios, two or
three producers join together to share the transportation expenses. Larger
producers use their own private transportation. Motorcycles are also commonly
used by producers who sell their farm produce to an intermediary, who is then
in charge of transporting the goods to market by truck (Figure 3.6).
Means of production - Urban producers mainly use the horse-drawn
plough to work the land. Heavy machinery such as tractors is rarely used
Figure 3.5 Livestock farmer in Carapongo
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