Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
17 Transportation
CorridorsasVehiclesfor
CulturalandEcological
Regeneration
Ilze Jones, René Senos, Ints Luters,
and Robert L. France
CONTENTS
Introduction............................................................................................................ 347
Case Study—Montana's Highway 93 .................................................................... 348
The Landscape .................................................................................................. 349
Relationship between People and Place ........................................................... 350
Landscape Changes Impacting Cultural Values ................................................ 352
Design Approach............................................................................................... 358
Client as Design Partner ............................................................................... 359
Design and Alignment Concepts .................................................................. 360
Design Guidelines and Recommendations................................................... 363
Wildlife Crossings ........................................................................................ 364
Revegetation Guidelines............................................................................... 365
Experience of Place ...................................................................................... 367
Cultural Landscapes .......................................................................................... 369
Conclusions............................................................................................................ 370
References.............................................................................................................. 370
INTRODUCTION
Inhabitants of the remote reaches of the once extensive marshes in southern
Mesopotamia/Iraq used more or less the same type of bitumen-covered boats for over
seven millennia (Pournelle 2003; Ochsenschlager 2004; France 2007). Transport,
however, between cities and along the margins of the large wetland has always been
by roads (Young 1977), the oldest such structures in existence anywhere in the world.
347
 
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