Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
9
HydrologyandWetland
RestorationforHuman
Subsistenceand
RegionalBiodiversity
The Challenge to Restore the
Living Landscape of Iraq's
Mesopotamian Marshes
Steven I. Apfelbaum and James P. Ludwig
CONTENTS
Introduction............................................................................................................ 132
Ecological Wetland Projects versus Living-Working Landscape-Scale Programs .....132
Principles for Scaling Up ....................................................................................... 135
Examples at Scale .................................................................................................. 136
Red River of the North, Minnesota ........................................................................ 136
Understanding the Watershed Context for Wetland Restorations ..................... 136
Runoff Travel Time ................................................................................................ 139
Definition of Early, Middle, and Late Areas Relative to the Red River Main
Stem ....................................................................................................................... 139
General Hydrological Framework for Considering Wetland Restoration.............. 140
Biological Productivity and Diversity, and Hydrology Relationships .............. 140
Diversity, Hydraulic Performance, and Outlet Design Characteristics Were
All Related ............................................................................................................. 143
Summary ........................................................................................................... 144
Kankakee Sands, Rensselaer, Indiana.................................................................... 145
The Restoration Process.................................................................................... 145
Summary ........................................................................................................... 151
Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 153
References.............................................................................................................. 154
131
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