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FIGURE 13.3
Polar coordinate systems.
and
∂
r
x
r
∂
r
y
r
x
=
cos
φ
=
y
=
sin
φ
=
∂
∂
(13.7c)
∂φ
∂
1
r
y
r
2
∂φ
∂
1
r
x
r
2
x
=−
sin
φ
=−
y
=
cos
φ
=
These derivatives can be obtained by using the Jacobian (Problem 13.1) or directly from Eq.
(13.7b). As an example of the latter case, observe from
r
2
x
2
y
2
=
+
that
2
r
∂
r
so that
∂
r
x
r
=
x
=
2
x
x
=
cos
φ
∂
∂
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