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FIGURE 9.7
Differential areas for two- and three-dimensional problems.
Similarly,
d
x 1
∂η
x 2
∂η
x 3
∂η
r 2 =
η
From vector algebra, the magnitude of the cross-product of two vectors is equal to the area of
the parallelogram formed with these vectors as two sides. Thus,
r 2 |= g 1 +
g 3 1 / 2 d
g 2 +
dS
=|
r 1 ×
ξ
d
η
(9.104)
with
g 1 =
x 2
∂ξ
∂η
x 3
x 3
∂ξ
x 2
∂η
=
x 3
∂ξ
∂η
x 1
x 1
∂ξ
x 3
∂η
g 2
=
∂η
x 1
∂ξ
x 2
x 2
∂ξ
x 1
∂η
g 3
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