Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 4.1
Fraction (%) of positive and negative trends and their significance levels (*=95% level, **=99% level) under the period 1801-2000
0$0
--$
621
'-)
SRV SRV
SRV
QHJ QHJ
QHJ
SRV SRV
SRV
QHJ QHJ
QHJ
SRV SRV
SRV
QHJ HJ
HJ
SRV SRV
SRV
QHJ HJ
HJ
0($171
0($17;
713
713
7;3
7;3
711
711
7;1
7;1
+:',
:6',
&6',
0($17*
7*3
7*3
7*1
7*1
Table 4.2
Fraction (%) of positive and negative trends and their significance levels (*=95% level, **=99% level) under the period 1851-2000
MAM
JJA
SON
DJF
1851-2000
pos
pos*
pos**
neg
neg*
neg**
pos
pos*
pos**
neg
neg*
neg**
pos
pos*
pos**
neg eg*neg**
pos
pos*
pos**
negneg*neg**
MEANTN
100 8.9 8.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0 8.9 7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
88.9
88.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
88.9
77.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
MEANTX
100 8.9 7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
66.7
44.4
44.4
33.3
0.0
0.0
100
100.0
88.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
77.8
66.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
TN2P
88.9
88.9
55.6
11.1
0.0
0.0
66.7
44.4
44.4
33.3
0.0
0.0
88.9
66.7
66.7
11.1
0.0
0.0
100
77.8
66.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
TN98P
88.9
66.7
44.4
11.1
0.0
0.0
100 7.8 6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
88.9
55.6
55.6
11.1
0.0
0.0
100
88.9
88.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
TX2P
100 6.7 5.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
55.6
33.3
22.2
44.4
22.2
11.1
100
66.7
55.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
44.4
33.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
TX98P
100 5.6 3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
77.8
55.6
44.4
22.2
0.0
0.0
88.9
22.2
22.2
11.1
0.0
0.0
100
77.8
77.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
TN2N
0.0
0.0
0.0
100 6.7 6.7 3.3
0.0
0.0
66.7
44.4
44.4
11.1
0.0
0.0
88.9
77.8
66.7
11.1
0.0
0.0
88.9
66.7
33.3
TN98N
100 00.0
88.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
100 7.8 5.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
88.9
77.8
66.7
11.1
0.0
0.0
100
88.9
66.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
TX2N
11.1
0.0
0.0
88.9
66.7
55.6
33.3
22.2
0.0
66.7
44.4
22.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
66.7
44.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
44.4
22.2
TX98N
100 6.7 5.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
77.8
55.6
55.6
22.2
0.0
0.0
100
66.7
44.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
88.9
88.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
HWDI
88.9
33.3
11.1
11.1
0.0
0.0
88.9
22.2
0.0
11.1
0.0
0.0
77.8
0.0
0.0
11.1
0.0
0.0
88.9
44.4
33.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
WSDI90
100 4.4 3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
66.7
11.1
11.1
33.3
0.0
0.0
100
22.2
11.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
77.8
44.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
CSDI10
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0 7.8 5.6 2.2
0.0
0.0
77.8
22.2
22.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
44.4
33.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
33.3
33.3
MEANTG
92.3
92.3
84.6
7.7
0.0
0.0
84.6
61.5
46.2
15.4
7.7
7.7
100
92.3
76.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
69.2
69.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
TG2P
100 4.6 9.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
69.2
46.2
38.5
30.8
0.0
0.0
100
84.6
69.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
84.6
30.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
TG98P
84.6
38.5
38.5
15.4
7.7
7.7
84.6
38.5
38.5
15.4
7.7
0.0
84.6
38.5
7.7
15.4
0.0
0.0
100
84.6
76.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
TG2N
0.0
0.0
0.0
100 2.3 6.9 0.8
0.0
0.0
69.2
61.5
46.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
69.2
69.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
100
38.5
23.1
TG98N
92.3
76.9
53.8
7.7
0.0
0.0
84.6
46.2
46.2
15.4
7.7
7.7
92.3
69.2
30.8
7.7
0.0
0.0
100
84.6
76.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
PRECTOT
66.7
33.3
22.2
33.3
0.0
0.0
66.7
0.0
0.0
33.3
11.1
0.0
88.9
33.3
22.2
11.1
0.0
0.0
88.9
55.6
44.4
11.1
0.0
0.0
PREC98P
55.6
22.2
22.2
44.4
0.0
0.0
77.8
0.0
0.0
22.2
11.1
0.0
66.7
33.3
33.3
33.3
0.0
0.0
66.7
33.3
22.2
33.3
0.0
0.0
R98N
66.7
44.4
22.2
33.3
0.0
0.0
55.6
0.0
0.0
44.4
0.0
0.0
88.9
33.3
33.3
11.1
0.0
0.0
88.9
33.3
0.0
11.1
0.0
0.0
R98T
77.8
22.2
22.2
22.2
0.0
0.0
55.6
0.0
0.0
44.4
0.0
0.0
88.9
33.3
0.0
11.1
0.0
0.0
77.8
0.0
0.0
22.2
0.0
0.0
SDII98p
77.8
22.2
0.0
22.2
0.0
0.0
55.6
0.0
0.0
44.4
0.0
0.0
66.7
22.2
0.0
33.3
0.0
0.0
100
33.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
SDII
66.7
22.2
22.2
33.3
0.0
0.0
77.8
11.1
0.0
22.2
11.1
11.1
55.6
33.3
22.2
44.4
0.0
0.0
66.7
44.4
22.2
33.3
11.1
11.1
R5d
77.8
22.2
22.2
22.2
0.0
0.0
77.8
11.1
0.0
22.2
0.0
0.0
66.7
22.2
22.2
33.3
0.0
0.0
88.9
33.3
22.2
11.1
0.0
0.0
R1d
55.6
22.2
22.2
44.4
0.0
0.0
55.6
11.1
0.0
44.4
0.0
0.0
77.8
22.2
22.2
22.2
0.0
0.0
77.8
33.3
0.0
22.2
0.0
0.0
CDD
33.3
0.0
0.0
66.7
0.0
0.0
33.3
0.0
0.0
66.7
0.0
0.0
33.3
0.0
0.0
66.7
0.0
0.0
22.2
0.0
0.0
77.8
0.0
0.0
150-year period, we find even here signals that point to a
wetter climate with higher extreme levels and more frequent
and more intensive rainfall events. However, the seasonal
distributions of the trends do not fully follow the pattern
shown in the 150 year period. For example, the highest frac-
tion of stations with positive trends of the 98th percentile
precipitation (PREC98P) occurs now in spring, instead of in
summer. Also, slightly more than half of the stations show
positive trends in CDD, which displays a different pattern as
compared to that over the 150 year period.
4.1.3 1901-2000
For this period we have 58 stations with Tmin and Tmax
observations, 54 stations with Tmean record, and 86 precipi-
tation stations. Table
4.3
shows the percentage of positive
and negative trends and their significance. For the 100-year
period we see the same tendency towards higher temperature
means and extreme levels, more frequent warm extremes,
and less frequent cold extremes. Compared with the two
longer periods the tendency has become even clearer.
For precipitation indices, positive trends are in the ma-
jority, where generally about two thirds of the trends are
positive and one third is negative. For all indices and seasons
we find a roughly similar partitioning between positive and
negative trends. The fraction of positive significant trends
ranges from 6-24 % whereas the fraction of negative signifi-
cant trends is at most 6 % for all indices. In short, as for the
4.2
Temporal trends of indices for the regions
In this section we provide trend values and their significance
level, as calculated over the period 1901-2000 for all indi-
ces defined for the three regional averages. As has been de-
scribed in the data section, the station density of the regions
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