Pollution Prevention - Urban Watersheds: Geology, Contamination, and Sustainable Development - page 448

Empty drum

Spilled
liquid

Adsorbent
material

Containment
booms

FIGURE 13.10
Spill response and training exercise. (Photo by Daniel T. Rogers.)

shows a typical spill station; refer to Figure 13.4 for an example of a spill kit located
near a liquid waste storage area.
• Education and training. Education and training are critical for the prevention,
response, and cleanup of spills. These efforts can also prevent the response to a spill
or accidental release of a hazardous substance when evacuation and immediate
notification are the necessary courses of action, and qualified emergency person-
nel are required on-site. Figure 13.10 shows a spill response and training exercise.

13.3.5.4 Minimization

Waste minimization involves using less hazardous substances through conservation
efforts or process changes. The result is a reduction in the amount of wastes requiring
disposal. In some instances, minimization also includes recycling. For instance, reducing
the discharge or generation of liquids through process changes, recycling of water, or the
evaporation/recycling of liquid or solid waste can greatly lower the volumes and mass
of waste streams. An example of waste minimization is shown in Figure 13.11. Here, the

Removal of heavy
metals from wastewater
through
reverse osmosis

FIGURE 13.11
Reducing heavy metals in wastewater. (Photo by Daniel T. Rogers.)