Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 7.6
Chemical Formula and Carcinogenicity for the Common PAH Compounds
Compound (Alphabetically)
Carcinogenicity Rating
Chemical Formula
Acenaphthene
Inadequate information
C
12
H
10
Acenaphthylene
Inadequate information
C
12
H
8
Anthracene
Group: A4
C
14
H
10
Benz[a]anthracene
Group: A2
C
18
H
12
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Group: A2
C
20
H
12
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Inadequate information
C
18
H
12
Benzo[ghi]perylene
Group: A4
C
20
H
12
Benzo[a]pyrene
Group: A1
C
20
H
12
Chrysene
Group: A2
C
18
H
12
Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
Group: A2
C
22
H
14
Fluoranthene
Group: A1
C
16
H
10
Fluorene
Group: A4
C
13
H
10
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Group: A2
C
22
H
10
Naphthalene
Group: A3
C
10
H
8
Phenanthrene
Group: A2
C
14
H
10
Pyrene
Group: A4
C
16
H
10
Source:
United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHH),
Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
, Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, 1995; United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS),
http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/intro.htm (accessed October 21, 2009), 2009b.
and environmental health effects (USEPA 2009d). Some of the physical properties of PCBs
include the following (Phillips 1986; Barbalace 2009):
• Very low solubility in water
• High relative solubility in organic solvents, fats, and oil
• Low vapor pressures
• Strongly sorb to soil grains, especially organic-rich soils and clays
• Stable compounds
• Do not readily degrade
• Not flammable
• Resistant to oxidation, reduction, addition, elimination, and electrophilic
substitution
• High boiling point
Due to the physical properties listed above, PCBs were widely used in many different
industrial and commercial products, including the following (USEPA 2009c):
• Transformers and capacitors
• Other electrical equipment including voltage regulators, switches, reclosers, bush-
ings, and electromagnets
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