Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Naphthalene
Anthracene
FIGURE 7.7
Molecular structure of the select PAH compounds; naphtha-
lene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and benzo(a)pyrene. (From
Fetzer, J.C., The Chemistry and Analysis of Large Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons , New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.)
Phenanthrene
Benzo(a)pyrene
TABLE 7.5
Common PAH Compounds
Compound (Alphabetically)
CAS Registry Number
Common Uses
Acenaphthene
83-32-9
Dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, oil component
Acenaphthylene
208-96-8
Automobile exhaust, oil and lubricant component
Anthracene
120-12-7
Dyes, stains, wood preservatives, insecticides, oil
Benz[a]anthracene
56-55-3
Automobile exhaust, oil, and lubricant component
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
205-99-2
Automobile exhaust, oil, and lubricant component
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
92-24-0
Organic semiconductor, oil component
Benzo[ghi]perylene
198-55-0
Photoconductor, pitch, coal tar, tobacco smoke
Benzo[a]pyrene
50-32-8
Pitch, coal tar, automobile exhaust, tobacco smoke
Chrysene
218-01-9
Wood preservative, oil component, dyes
Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
53-70-3
Wood preservative, insecticides, oil component
Fluoranthene
206-44-0
Automobile exhaust, oil component
Fluorene
86-73-7
Automobile exhaust, dyes, plastics, pesticides
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
193-39-5
Pitch, coal tar, oil component
Naphthalene
91-20-3
Moth balls, oil and gasoline component
Phenanthrene
85-01-8
Cigarette smoke, oil, and lubricant component
Pyrene
129-00-0
Dyes, coal tar and pitch, oil component
Source:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons . General
Contaminant Class. ATSDR ToxFAQs. Atlanta, GA, 1996; United States Environmental Protection
Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/intro.htm, 2009b.
Common PAH compounds are listed in Table 7.5 along with their CAS registry number.
Table 7.6 shows the carcinogenicity and chemical formula for each of the common PAHs.
Animal studies have indicated PAHs can cause harmful effects on the skin, body fluids, and
ability to fight disease (ATSDR 1996). Health effects from exposure to naphthalene may cause
damage to red blood cells. Exposure to high levels of naphthalene may cause nausea, vomit-
ing, diarrhea, dizziness, blood in the urine, and a yellow color to the skin (ATSDR 2005b).
7.5 Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PCBs are a group of synthetically produced compounds (USEPA 2009c). PCBs were pro-
duced in the United States from 1929 until 1979 when they were banned because of human
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