Geologic Vulnerability - Urban Watersheds: Geology, Contamination, and Sustainable Development - page 198

• Relative abundance of groundwater
• Groundwater flow direction
• Areas of groundwater recharge
• Areas of groundwater discharge
• Groundwater-surface water interaction features
• Anthropogenic features including
• Storm sewer placement relative to groundwater elevations
• Utility corridors
• Building footings and other subsurface structures
• Landfills
• Artificial recharge basins
• Surface water confinement features
• Dams
• Stormwater retention or detention basins
• Large paved areas
• Artificial surface drainage pattern alteration
• Roads and road cuts
• Potential receptors or points of potential exposure:
• Water supply wells
• Irrigation wells
• Surface water bodies such as lakes, streams, rivers, swamps, bogs, springs,
groundwater seeps, etc.
• Buildings and building foundations
• Parks, schools, playgrounds, day care facilities, retirement communities, hos-
pitals, long-term care facilities, etc.
• Potential sources of contamination:
• State and federal lists of environmental contamination
• Hazardous waste facilities
• Abandoned dumps
• Brownfield sites
• Historical industrial manufacturing sites
• Electrical generating facilities
• Gasoline service stations
• Dry cleaning facilities
• Refineries
• Other known or identified sources
Taken together, these factors provide a framework for the evaluation of the geologic vul-
nerability within any urban area. This framework is constructed through the development
of a vulnerability matrix and scoring system as shown in Table 6.1 (Murray and Rogers
1999a; Rogers and Murray 2002).