Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Approximately 14,500 years before present
The Great Lakes region
immediately prior to the
first known lakes
Late Valparaiso and Fort
Wayne phases of early
glacial substage
Approximately 13,500 years before present
Glacial retreat
Early post-lake
border
?
Ice margin
Ice margin
?
Lake
Chicago
Glenwood
Stage
640 ft
Vanuxem I
stage?
Lake
Arkona
710 ft-695 ft
Rouge River
watershed
Rouge River
watershed
(a)
(b)
Approximately 12,900 to 13,000 years before present
Approximately 12,000 years before present
Glacial advance
Valders maximum
Glacial advance
Port Huron
Ice margin
Ice margin
Lake
Saginaw
695 ft
Lake
Chicago
Glenwood
Stage
640 ft
Lake
Chicago
Glenwood
Stage
640 ft
Calumet
stage II
620 ft
(Bretz)
Vanuxen II
stage?
Lowest
Lake
Warren
675 ft
Lake
Whittlesey
738 ft
Rouge River
watershed
Rouge River
watershed
(c)
(d)
Approximately 11,000 years before present
Approximately 10,000 years before present
Glacial halt
Glacial retreat
Slight readvance
locally
Ice margin
Ice margin
Lake
Duluth
Post-
Algonquin
“Upper
Group”
St.
Lawrence
Sea
Main
Algonquin
Stage
605 ft
Lake Iroquois
Early
Lake Erie
Early
Lake Erie
Rouge River
watershed
Rouge River
watershed
(e)
(f)
FIGURE 5.14
(a) Great Lakes region, approximately 14,500 years before the present. (b) Approximately 13,500 years before the
present. (c) Approximately 13,000 years before the present. (d) Approximately 12,000 years before the present.
(e) Approximately 11,000 years before the present. (f) Approximately 10,000 years before the present.
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