Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Rochester
White Lake Twp
Waterford Twp
Pontiac
Highland Twp
Rochester Hills
Milford
Commerce Twp
Troy
Bloomfield Twp
West Bloomfield Twp
Birningham
Milford Twp
Clawson
Beverey Hills
Franklin
Wixom
Royaloak
Lyon Twp
Berkley
Farmington Hills
Farmington
Rouge River
watershed
boundary
Novi
Oak Park
Southfield
Oakland County
Wayne County
Oakland County
Ferndale
Northville
Washtenaw County
Site of
environmental
contamination
Northville Twp
Detroit
Plymouth Twp
Livonia
Salem Twp
Redford Twp
Westland
Detroit
Dearborn Heights
River
Garden City
0
10 km
Lower
Wayne
Dearborn
Canton Twp
Superior Twp
Ypsilanti
River Rouge
Allen Park
Van Buren Twp
Ecorse
Lincoln Park
Wyandotte
Ypsilanti Twp
Romulus
Taylor
Southgate
FIGURE 5.1
Sites of extensive environmental subsurface investigation in an urban watershed.
of 20 to sometimes more than 300 individual soil borings drilled and up to 80 monitoring
wells installed. Investigative depths reached as deep as 30-45 m (100-150 ft) beneath the
ground surface.
Environmental investigations in urban areas usually do not extend beyond 15 m (50 ft)
beneath the surface. However, unconsolidated sediments in many urban areas extend to
depths greater than 15 m and may even approach 305 m (1000 ft) or beyond as in Salt Lake
City, Los Angeles, Phoenix, and Las Vegas to name a few (Halka 1983; Stokes 1989; Allen
2003; Page et al. 2005; Bilodeau et al. 2007). The evaluation of data from these investigations
can be supplemented and perhaps confirmed by the information supplied from well drill-
ers and well logs.
Water supply and exploratory wells are routinely drilled to depths exceeding 30 m
beneath the surface and some may extend to over 45 m. Drillers installing water supply
wells are often required to register the well with the appropriate local, county, or state
officials and submit a written well log similar in many cases to the example shown in
Figure 4.20. Water supply well logs often contain valuable and abundant sources of geo-
logic and hydrogeologic information. However, as stated earlier, care should be taken
before accepting the accuracy of data from a water supply well or other similar sources
providing geologic or hydrogeologic data because they may not have been conducted
Search WWH ::
Custom Search