Issues of Law Raised by Developments and Use of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense - Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense - page 133

9 Issues of Law Raised

by Developments and
Use of Neuroscience
and Neurotechnology
in National Security
and Defense

James P. Farwell

CONTENTS
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 133
The Impact of Neurotechnological Developments ................................................ 134
The Authority Issue ................................................................................................ 135
A New Threat Environment ................................................................................... 136
Capabilities in the Hands of Empowered Individuals ....................................... 136
The Effect of Neurotechnology on National Security and Military Operations .... 136
New Thinking Fostered by the Revolutionary Nature of Neurotechnology .......... 137
The Advent of Artificial Intelligence ..................................................................... 138
What Legal Rules Should Apply? .......................................................................... 138
Evidentiary Standards ............................................................................................ 145
Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 149
Notes ...................................................................................................................... 157
References .............................................................................................................. 161

INTRODUCTION
As noted throughout this volume, neurotechnology is reshaping the practical,
tactical, strategic, as well as ethical and legal notions that govern how national
security, defense, and military operations are engaged (see also Clancy 2006;
Moreno 2006; White 2008; Forsythe and Giordano 2011a, 2011b; Guidorizzi 2013).
New technology requires new thinking to shape the legal and ethical standards that
govern the use of such technology. Evolving international standards will be impor-
tant in influencing the precepts that define emerging legal norms.

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