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In-Depth Information
Adhikary and was the world's first Communist monarchy.
Political instability continued, with the formation of several
unsuccessful coalition governments during the next five years.
During this period, a Maoist insurgency gained strength. In
1999, the NC won the majority of seats in Parliament, but it
could not establish a stable government. Several shortᆳlived
governments, one after another, were headed by Krishna Prasad
Bhattarai, Girija Prasad Koirala, and Sher Bahadur Deuba.
Maoists (Communists) began an insurgency in February
1996. Brutal killings, bombings, and torture were widespread,
particularly in rural parts of the country. Peace talks were held,
to no avail; by 2006, more than 13,000 people had lost their
lives. On June 1, 2001, the country was shocked by a massaᆳ
cre of the royal family that remains a mystery to the Nepalese
people. Many Nepalese do not believe the “official report” that
blamed Crown Prince Dipendra for the slaughter. According to
the report, he shot and killed all of his family members, includᆳ
ing the king and queen, his brother and sister, and a number of
relatives. Soon after, Prince Gyanendra ascended to the throne.
In 2002, he suddenly dismissed the elected government, took
over all executive power, and dissolved the Parliament. King
Gyanendra then nominated several shortᆳlived governments,
none of which were able to successfully govern the country.
The outer world was shocked when King Gyanendra dismissed
the government for a second time. On February 1, 2005, he
declared a state of emergency. Many politicians were jailed,
and others were placed under house arrest. Freedom of the
press was ended. The country's adverse political situation led
the mainstream political parties closer to Maoist rebels, who
sought to overthrow the monarchy. Ultimately, in November
2005, the various parties signed a 12ᆳpoint letter of underᆳ
standing designed to end the political instability.
In April 2006, massive proᆳdemocracy demonstrations took
place in Nepal. They were led by mainstream political parties,
including the Maoist rebels, and were successful in ending the
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