Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
10
Design Principles and
Applications of
Centrifugal Contactors
for Solvent Extraction
Ralph A. Leonard
Argonne National Laboratory
Contents
10.1
Introduction ................................................................................................ 564
10.2
Overview of Contactor Design and Operation ........................................... 565
10.3
Design Principles for Centrifugal Contactors ............................................ 573
10.3.1
Single Stage................................................................................... 573
10.3.1.1
Liquid Entry................................................................. 573
10.3.1.2
Mixing Zone ................................................................ 575
10.3.1.3
Separating Zone and Contactor Scale-up .................... 580
10.3.1.4
Liquid Exit ................................................................... 586
10.3.1.5
Motor............................................................................ 587
10.3.2
Multistage Design and Operation ................................................. 589
10.3.2.1
Design .......................................................................... 589
10.3.2.2
Operation ..................................................................... 591
10.3.3
Other Design Considerations ........................................................ 594
10.3.3.1
Support Frame ............................................................. 594
10.3.3.2
Purge Air...................................................................... 594
10.3.3.3
Bottom Drains.............................................................. 595
10.3.4
Temperature Control ..................................................................... 595
10.3.5
Large Contactors........................................................................... 596
10.3.6
Emulsion Formation...................................................................... 597
10.3.7
Control of Mixing ......................................................................... 597
10.3.8
Aqueous and Organic Properties .................................................. 598
10.3.9
Zero-Point Analysis ...................................................................... 598
10.3.10
Siphon Formation ....................................................................... 599
10.3.11
Three Liquid Phases ................................................................... 600
10.3.12
Cleaning ...................................................................................... 601
10.3.13
Evaporative Losses ..................................................................... 601
10.3.14
Radiation.....................................................................................602
563
