Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
The basket dissolution apparatus (Apparatus 1) was the fi rst offi cial
dissolution apparatus, introduced into the USP in 1970. Despite its long
and wide application in dissolution testing, the hydrodynamics present in
this apparatus have not yet been fully clarifi ed. D'Arcy et al. (2006) used
CFD to simulate fl uid fl ow within the basket dissolution apparatus at
different stirring speeds. Results obtained by CFD simulations were
compared with results from fl ow visualization techniques and with
published ultrasound-pulse-echo velocity data. It was shown that CFD
can give good predictions of fl uid fl ow within basket apparatus. Regions
of high velocity radiating from the side of the basket, and the area of low
velocity in the upper portion of the basket, were observed (Figure 7.12).
It was found that at the same rotational speed, the velocities present
inside the basket are of a similar (slightly lower) magnitude than those at
the base of the vessel of the paddle apparatus.
D'Arcy et al. also successfully applied CFD simulations for the analysis
of the hydrodynamics in fl ow-through apparatus (USP apparatus 4),
effects of hydrodynamics on mass transfer in a low velocity pulsing fl ow,
and the effects of the dissolved compounds on local hydrodynamics in
fl ow-through apparatus (D'Arcy et al., 2010, 2011).
Contours of velocity magnitude around the basket at
50 rpm (reprinted from D'Arcy et al., 2006; with
permission from Elsevier)
Figure 7.12
Search WWH ::
Custom Search