Cinematography, Lighting, and Composition - Frame-by-Frame Stop Motion: The Guide to Non-Traditional Animation Techniques - page 75

Fig 5.12 an example of dirt on the low-pass filter and examples of pixel burnout.
Lighting for Animation
Lighting is a real strength in photographic animation. One of the worst
mistakes to make in any stop-motion technique is to light an image with flat,
overall lighting. Lighting should give form, dimension, atmosphere, drama,
and life to any object or person. Selective lighting can make the composition
in stop motion feel larger, adding mystery and drama. Side or underlighting
can add tension and weight. This is a huge area to explore and experiment in,
but it is important to understand the basics first. The simple formula for basic
lighting is to use key, rim, and fill lighting to get the best result. This is known
as three-point lighting .
Fig 5.13 a diagram of the key,
rim, and fill three-point lighting
setup.