Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
ξ sn (
t
)
t
(a)
t
Z
(
)
t
(b)
Figure 2.9. Examples of realizations of (a) WSN
ξ sn ( t ), and (b) the homogeneous
compound Poisson process Z ( t ). The spikes in (a) are represented as bars of unit
base, instead of delta functions as in Eq. ( 2.50 ).
The average and the covariance function of the compound Poisson process are
( Parzen , 1967 , p. 130)
Z ( t )
= λα
t
,
(2.52)
Z ( t ) Z ( t )
2 min( t
t )
=
2
λα
,
,
(2.53)
respectively.
We can nowobtain the covariance function and themoments ofWSNby considering
that WSN is the formal derivative of the compound Poisson process; as a consequence,
the mean is ( VanMarcke , 1983 , pp. 110-111)
=
Z ( t )
ξ sn ( t )
= λα,
(2.54)
t
and the covariance is
Z ( t ) Z ( t )
=−
2
ξ sn ( t )
2
t )
ξ sn ( t )
=
2
λα
δ
( t
.
(2.55)
( t
t ) 2
2
The variance reads
κ
=
2
λα
δ
(0)
=
2 s sn
δ
(0), where s sn is the strength of the
2sn
2 [see Eq. ( B2.1-6 )]. Only the mean is finite, whereas all higher-
order moments and cumulants diverge.
noise, i.e., s sn
= λα
 
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