Environmental Engineering Reference
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A m
(a)
b =
A m
(b)
b =
A m
(c)
b =
Figure 4.12. Statistically stable (solid curve) and unstable (dashed curve) states of the
stochastic dynamics of woody biomass A calculated with
12 yr 1 ,
α =
0
.
20, a
=
0
.
and with different strengths
λ/
b of the fire-vegetation feedback (after D'Odorico
et al., 2006b).
soil thickness H is expressed as the difference between the rates of soil production and
erosion (see also Fig. 4.13 ). Soil production is due to bedrock weathering and can be
expressed ( Carson and Kirkby , 1972 ; Heimsath et al. , 1997 ) as a deterministic function
f ( H ) of the soil depth H . Landslide and debris-flow dynamics can be treated as a
stochastic (Poisson) process ( Wu and Swanston , 1980 ; D'Odorico , 2000 ; D'Odorico
and Fagherazzi , 2003 ) to account for the intermittent and episodic random character
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