Environmental Engineering Reference
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A
m
(a)
b
=
A
m
(b)
b
=
A
m
(c)
b
=
Figure 4.12. Statistically stable (solid curve) and unstable (dashed curve) states of the
stochastic dynamics of woody biomass
A
calculated with
12 yr
−
1
,
α
=
0
.
20,
a
=
0
.
and with different strengths
λ/
b
of the fire-vegetation feedback (after D'Odorico
et al., 2006b).
soil thickness
H
is expressed as the difference between the rates of soil production and
erosion (see also Fig.
4.13
). Soil production is due to bedrock weathering and can be
expressed (
Carson and Kirkby
,
1972
;
Heimsath et al.
,
1997
) as a deterministic function
f
(
H
) of the soil depth
H
. Landslide and debris-flow dynamics can be treated as a
stochastic (Poisson) process (
Wu and Swanston
,
1980
;
D'Odorico
,
2000
;
D'Odorico
and Fagherazzi
,
2003
) to account for the intermittent and episodic random character
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