Enteric Human Pathogens Associated with Fresh Produce: Sources, Transport, and Ecology - Microbial Safety of Fresh Produce - page 16

Pathogen Animals Incidence in Feces Reference

E. coli O157:H7 Fish 4.7% Tuyet and others 2006

E. coli O157 Rats (Norway) 40% h Cizek and others 1999

Non - O157 EHEC Rabbits 9 - 25% i Garcia and Fox 2003

S. enterica Cattle (U.S.) 6.3% Dargatz and others

2003

S. enterica Cattle (U.S.) 4.4% Barkocy - Gallagher and

others 2003

S. enterica Cattle (Australia) 4.5%, grass - fed

9.0%, feedlot

Fegan and others 2004

S. enterica Cattle (U.K.) 1.4% Milnes and others 2007

S. enterica Cattle (U.S.) 13 - 72%, cows

20 - 71%, calves

Pangloli and others
2008

S. enterica Dairy (U.S.) 60 - 63%, soil

53 - 67%, water
46 - 71%, air
13 - 63%, bird feces
24 - 85%, insects
Feed, 21 - 92%

Pangloli and others
2008

S. enterica Goats (U.S.) 3.7% Branham and others

2005

S. enterica Sheep (U.S.) 7.3% Branham and others

2005

S. enterica Sheep (U.K.) 1.1% Milnes and others 2007

S. enterica Pigs (U.K.) 23.4% Milnes and others 2007

S. enterica Poultry (U.S.) 50.8%, transport pads

18.7%, fl ies
14.2%, drag swabs
12%, boot swabs

Bailey and others 2001

S. enterica Poultry (U.S.) 10.5%, by fl ocks

1.1%, by row

Kinde and others 2004

S. enterica Poultry 13.0%, by fl ocks Rasschaert and others

2007

S. enterica Deer (U.S.) 7.7%, rumen Branham and others

2005

S. enterica Deer (U.S.) 1.0% Renter and others 2006

S. enterica Wild tortoises

Wild turtles
(Spain)

100%
12 - 15%

Hidalgo - Vila and others
2007

S. enterica Wild birds (U.S.) 1.2 - 3.2% Kirk and others 2002

S. enterica Wild birds (U.K.) 0.015% Hughes and others

2008

Salmonella Seagulls 12.9% Fenlon 1981

0 - 100% j C. jejuni/C. coli Cattle, chickens (live),

geese, ducks, pigs,
sheep (Multiple
countries)

Review of > 20 studies;
Miller and Mandrell
2006

a Ranges of incidence reported for multiple studies; majority of isolates were E. coli O157:H7.
b High shedders, >10,000 CFU/g; majority positive for Stx2.
c Collected from one ranch in California.
d 5/212 white - tailed deer.
e 3/609 individually sampled deer, 1997 and 1998.
f 4/1608 mostly white - tailed deer, Nebraska, 1998.
g 1 of 338 hunter-harvested deer, 1 of 226 captive herd deer, Louisiana, 2000-01.
h 4 of 10 rats; however, negative for H7.
i Laboratory rabbits; all EHECs positive for Stx1.
j Cattle, 62% average for 14 studies; chicken (live), 64% for 20 studies; geese/ducks, 55% for 6 studies.