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Figure 12.3. In¯uence of HAART on the priming of T cells for Th1 cytokines. (A) Intracellular
cytokine analysis by FACS of PBMC stimulated overnight with PMA ionomycin. PBMC from a
representative patient have been analyzed for IL-2, IFN-g, and TNF-a production at initiation of
the treatment (M0) and after 1 year (M12). Concomitant analysis of intracellular cytokine synthesis,
apoptosis, and T-cell marker CD3 has been performed as described (Ledru et al., 1998). It is shown
that, under HAART, there is an important decrease of activation-induced apoptosis within cytokine
producers, and this is particularly observed for TNF-a producers. In this patient, the proportion of
IL-2 producers is slightly increased under HAART, whereas the proportion of IFN-g producers is
decreased. (B) Concomitant increase in the percentage of CD4 and CD8 T cells producing TNF-a
during an 18-month period of HAART, and decrease of apoptosis within the same subset. Data
represent the mean values from 15 patients (Ledru et al., 2000). * p < 0:005 compared with baseline
value at M0. P p < 0:05 compared with control HIV ÿ donors.
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